Thesis about Indonesia

Abstract

DTM is professional thesis consulting. We will help you. we can repair your thesis. This article studies condition of Indonesian country in 2024.

Keywords: Indonesia, population, geography, president, Prabowo, Joko Widodo, thesis, research

Indonesian history

The Dutch came to colonize Indonesia in early 17th century; Japan occupied islands in 1942 and 1945. Indonesia declared independence before Japan surrendered, but was challenged, albeit brutally, during fighting years. There were intermittent negotiations between UN and mediation before Netherlands agreed to transfer of sovereignty in 1949. For a certain period, a democratic legislature could not be organized in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared military emergency and imposed democracy. “. After a failed coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually ousted from power. From 1967 to 1998, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with a “New Order” government. After protests in streets, they ousted SUHARTO in 1998 in 1999 a free and fair parliamentary election was found. Indonesia is now a democracy with third largest population in world, city in this archipelago is bigger than world and Muslim mayoral state is bigger than world, implementing economic and financial reforms. , eradicating corruption, reforming criminal justice system, dealing with ethical changes – fighting infected infections is very important in 2005 considering global and regional characteristics of Indonesia has a history with armed forces in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in 2006 Indonesia continues strengthening a strong resistance army in Papua through Free Papua separatist movement. Geography, society, government, economics, energy, communications, transportation, military, transnational issues

Indonesian Geography

According to National Coordinating Agency for Assessment and Mapping of Indonesia, number of islands in archipelago is 13,466 islands, 922 of which are permanently inhabited (Indonesia is largest country in world, including archipelagos). ; This country is located on equator and has a strategic location along main sea route from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean. Indonesia is one of countries along Ring of Fire, which is a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake centers in Pacific Ocean. 90% of world’s landmass and about 75% of world’s volcanoes lie at base of Ring of Fire, even though country has fourth largest population in world. In all parts of world, Indonesia is largest region in Amazon. Location: South Asia, islands between Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Coordinates: 5, 00, S, 120, 00, E, Area: Area: 1,904,569 km2, Land: 1,811,569 km2, Water: 93,000 km2

This is a comparison of area of Indonesia: a small number of three kilometers Texas in border area: total: 2,958 km in mountainous border (3): Malaysia 1,881 km, Papua New Guinea 824 km, East Timor 253 km Coast: 54,716 km shipping claims: territorial sea: 12 nautical miles exclusive economic zone: 200 nautical miles measured from islands claimed straight baseline climate: tropical; warm, moist; more temperate in highlands, closer to coast in lowlands; larger islands, further inland there are mountainous natural resources: oil, tin, natural gas, nickel, wood, bauxite, copper, arable land, coal, gold, silver. Utilization: Arable land: 31.2% (2011 est.) Arable land: 13% (2011 est.) Permanent crops: 12.1% (2011 est.) Permanent grass: 6.1% (2011 est.) Forest: 51.7% (2011 estimate). (estimate) Others: 17.1% of (2011 estimate) Irrigated land: plots 67,220 km2 plots (2012)

History of natural disasters in Indonesia

occasional flooding; severe drought; a tsunami occurs; Earthquake; volcano; Volcanic Forest Fires: Indonesia has most volcanoes in world – one of 76 historical activities; Significant volcanic activity occurred on Java, Sumatra, Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island and Banda el Mar Island; Merapi (2,968 m), Indonesia’s most active volcano, which erupted in 2010, was named a decade of volcanoes with a history worth studying by International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of Earth’s Interior. is explosive and close to human populations; Other notable historical volcanic activity includes Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung and Tambora; see Note 2 in “Geography – Notes” Current environmental problems: large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and forest fires that cause thick smog; overexploitation of marine resources; Environmental problems associated with urbanization and rapid economic development, including air pollution, traffic, congestion, waste, water management and reliability, and waste, water and services. ; Water pollution from industrial waste, sewage. International Environmental Agreements: Part of: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Waste, Law of Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Las Maderas 83, Tropical Las Maderas 94, wetlands , who signed but did not ratify: navy, life, nature conservation ^Back to top people nationality: noun: Indonesian adjective: Indonesian Ethnicity: Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3, 6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Bugis 2.7%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, Bali 1.7%, Aceh 1.4%, Dayak 1, 4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2 %, others 15% (2010 estimate) Language: Bahasa-Indonesian (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, Local dialect (the most commonly used is Bahasa Javanese) Note: More than 700 languages are spoken in Indonesia

The development of religions in Indonesia

Islam 87.2%, Protestant 7%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.9% (including Buddhists and Confucians), and unspecified 0.4% (2010 estimate). Population: 262,787,403 (July 2018 estimate) Age structure: 0-14 years: 24.63% (male 32,967,727 / female 31,757,882) 15-24 years: 16.94% (male 22,661,264 / women 21,852,006) 25-54 years: 4 2 0.44% of total (men 57,097,131 / women 54,433,239) 55-64 years: 8.73% (men 10,447,365 / women 12,494,036) aged 65 years and over: 7.26% (men 8,326,858 / women 10,749,895) (2018 est.) dependency ratio: total dependency quota: 49.2 (2015 est.) young people dependency rate: 41.6 (2015 est.) older dependency rate: 7 .6 (2015 est.) portion of potential support: 13.2 (2015 est.) average age : total: 30.5 years

Demographics of Indonesian population

Male: 29.9 years, Female: 31.1 years (2018 estimate), Population growth rate: 0.83% (2018 estimate), Birth rate: 15.9 births/1,000 population (2018 estimate), Death rate : 6.5 deaths / 1,000 inhabitants (2018 est.) Net migration rate: -1.1 migrants / 1,000 inhabitants (2018 est.) Urbanization: Urban Population: 55.3% of total population (2018 est.) Urbanization rate: 2.27% annual rate of change (2015-20 estimate) mayors of urban areas – Population: 10.517 million from JAKARTA (capital city) 3.159 million from Bekasi 2.903 million from Surabaya 2.538 million from Bandung 2.285 million Medan 2.222 million Tangerang (2018) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 boys/girls 0-14 years: 1.04 boys/girls Girls 15 to 24 years: 1.04 boys/girls 25 to 54 years: 1, 05 men/women aged 55 to 64 years: 0.84 men (see )/women over 65 years and mayors: 0.77 men/women Population: 1. men/women (2018 , estimate ) Average maternal age at first birth: 22.8 years (2012 estimate) Note: average age at first birth for women is between 25 and 29 years. Maternal mortality rate: 126 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 estimate).

Child Mortality Rate in Indonesia

Total: 21.9 deaths/1,000 live births, Male: 25.7 deaths/1,000 live births, Female: 17.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 estimate), Life expectancy at birth: Population: 73.2 years Male: 70, 6 years Female: 76 years (2018 estimate) Total fertility rate: 2.08 children born/woman (2018 estimate) Contraceptive prevalence rate: 61% (2016/17) Doctor density: 0.38 doctors/1,000 population (2017) Density hospital beds: 1.2 beds /1,000 population (2015) drinking water sources: improving: cities: 94.2% of population rural: 79.5% of total population: 87.4% of population

Urbanization of Indonesian society

Indonesian society continues to develop where urban population: 5.8% of population rural population: 20.5% of population total population: 12.6% of population (2015 estimate) sanitation access to facilities: improving population: Urban: 72.3% of population (2015 est.) Rural: 47.5% of population (2015 est.) Total: 60.8% of population (2015 est.) Not improving: Urban: 27.7% of population (2015 est.)

Rural ruralization in Indonesia

52.5% of population (2015, estimate) Total number: 39.2% of population (2015, estimate) HIV/AIDS – Adult prevalence rate: 0.4% (2017, estimate) HIV/AIDS – People who living with HIV/AIDS: 630,000 (2017 estimate) Deaths from HIV/AIDS: 39,000 (2017 estimate) Deaths from HIV/AIDS: 39,000 (2017 estimate) Obesity – Adult prevalence rate: 6.9% (2016) Underweight Children under 5 years: 19.9% of (2013) Guest education: 3.6% of GDP and (2015) Literacy: Definition: 15 years and mayor knows blank and blank Write (2016 estimate) Population: 95, 4% Male: 97.2% Female: 93.6% (2016 estimate)

Development of education in Indonesia

Expectation of School Life in Indonesia (Primary Education to Higher Education): Number: 13 years, Male: 13 years, Female: 13 years (2017), Unemployed, Age 15 years to 24 years: Total: 15, 6%, male -men: 15.6% women: 15.6% (2017 estimate) ^Back to top of government country name: conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia short conventional form: Indonesian form local long form: Republic, Indonesia, local, short form, form: Indonesia , first: Dutch, Eastern, Indian, Dutch, Indian-Oriental Etymology: name is a construction of symbol XVIII from Greek word, “Indos”. (India) and “nesoi” (islands), i.e. “Indians of Islands”, government, type: president, republic.

Development of Indonesian legal system

civil law system based on Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law Eligibility: 17 years; general and married, regardless of age, executive power: head of state: President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Yusuf El KALLA (20 December 2014); Note – President is head of state head of government head of government: President Joko el WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Yusuf and KALLA (on 20 October 2014) announced: for a term of 5 years (eligible for a second term); last election took place on April 17 2019. results of election were: Joko WIDODO, elected as president; voting power

Joko WIDODO’s role in Indonesian government

Joko Widodo supports PRABOWO’s Subianto (GERINDRA) 60% legislative power: description: bicameral, people, deliberation, assembly or assembly. People’s Consultative Assembly is formed by: Regions, Representatives, Councils or Councils, Representatives, Regions (132 seats; non-partisan members, those directly elected, in multi-seat electoral districts, 4 of 33 seats each State electoral districts (proportional representation votes for a five-year term of office); general elections: regional elections for representatives of Council – final ceremony took place on April 9, 2014 (the same as April 17, 2019) DPR – last celebration was on April 9, 2014 (the same as (which took place on April 17, 2019); 17 April 2019) April 2019).

Development of ELECTIONS in Indonesia

In Pilkada, all seats were elected on a non-partisan basis, DPR, – percentage of party votes: PDI-P 19%, Golkar 14.8%, Gerindra 11.8%, PD 10.2%, PKB 9%, PAN 2.6 %, PKS 6.8%, NasDem 6.7%, PPP 6.5%, Hanura 5.3%, others 7.3%; Distribution of seats to parties: PDI-P 109, Golkar 91, Gerindra 73, PD 61, PAN 48, PKB 47, PKS 40, PPP 39, NasDem 36, Hanura 16; Composition – 463 men, 97 women, women share 27.6% of judiciary: highest courts: Supreme Court Supreme Court (51 judiciaries divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Constitutional Court (consisting of 9 judges) whose members elect judges and determine terms of office: Supreme Court, judges appointed by Judicial Commission, appointed by President with approval of DPR; Judges remain in office until they retire at age 65; Judges of Constitutional Court – three names of President, three names of Supreme Court, three names of Parliament; judges are appointed by president; Employees have an obligation to retire at age of 70 years. Subordinate courts: superiors, appeals courts, district courts, religious courts, politicians, parties and leaders:

The presence of Democratic Party

Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO became representative of Democratic party. Followed by GOLKAR led by Airlangga HARTARTO. Furthermore, GERINDRA is led by PRABOWO, Subianto Djojohadikusumo. Then, struggle party or PDI-P led by MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri. National Awakening Party or PKB led by Muhaiman ISKANDAR. Next is National Democratic Party (Democratic National Party) or NasDem led by Surya PALOH. Next is National Mandate party or PAN led by Zulkifli si HASAN. Next, people became aware of party or HANURA led by Oesman si Sapta si ODANG. Next is Prosperous Justice Party or PKS led by Muhammad Sohibul IMAN. Next was United Development Party or PPP led by Muhammad ROMAHURMUZIY. Further participating international organizations: ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant countries), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20 , G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees). ), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IWF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IORA, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, IGB (NGO), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, MSG (Associate Members), NAM, OECD (Enhanced Commitment), OIC, OPCW, PIF (Partners), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO , WSF (NGO), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO National symbols: Garuda (mythical bird); National colors: Red, white, National name: Name: “Indonesia Stripe” (Indonesia Raya) Text/Music: Gaji, Rudolf and SOEPRATMAN

Diplomatic missions in US were adopted in 1945

head of mission: Ambassador el Mahendra el SIREGAR (since April 8, 2019) Chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 Telephone: [ 1 ] (202) 775-5200 FAX: [1] (202) 775-5365 Consulate General : Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Diplomat, United States Mission: Head of Mission: Ambassador, Joseph, R., DONOVAN, Jr. . (since 12 January 2017) Indonesian Embassy: Jalan, Medan, Merdeka, Selatan, 3-5, Jakarta, 10110, Postal address: Unidad, 8129, Box, 1, FPO, AP. 96520 Telephone: [62] at (21) 5083-1000 at (2018) FAX: [62] at (21) 2395-1697 at (2018) Consulate General: Surabaya Consulate General: Medan

Development of Indonesian economy

The largest economy in Southeast Asia has experienced slowing growth since 2012, largely due to end of raw materials as an export focus. During global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its neighbors and joined China and India as only G20 members to record growth. Annual defaults in Indonesia stand at 3% of GDP, and Indonesian government has reduced debt-to-GDP ratio from 100% shortly after Asian financial crisis in 1999 to 34% today. In May 2017, Standard & Poor’s became latest major rating agency to upgrade Indonesia’s credit rating to investment grade. Electricity and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, complicated environmental regulations, and unequal distribution of resources across regions make up Indonesian economy. President Joko WIDODO, who was elected in July 2014, aims to develop Indonesia’s maritime resources and further develop infrastructure, including significantly increasing electricity supplies. Power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were cut significantly in early 2015, a move that helped government direct spending towards development priorities. Indonesia, together with new ASEAN members and other countries, will continue to strive to participate in ASEAN Economic Community, even though implementation of full economic integration has not been achieved. materialized.

Indonesia’s GDP

Latest developments regarding Indonesia’s GDP (purchasing power, parity): US$3.25 per trillion (2017 estimate) US$3.093 per trillion (2016 estimate) US$2.945 per trillion (2015 estimate) Note: Data refers to 2017 GDP ( official exchange rate): US$1,015 per trillion (2017 estimate) GDP – real growth rate: 5.1% (2017 estimate) 5% (2016 estimate) 4.9% (2015 estimate) GDP – per capita (PPP): Total $12,400 (2017 est.) Lot $12,000 (2016 est.) $11,500 lot (2015 est.) Note: Data are for 2017 dollars Gross national savings: 31.7 % of GDP (2017 est.) 32% of GDP (2016 est.) . 32% of GDP (2015 est.) Composition of GDP, final consumption: Household consumption: 57.3% (2017 est.) Government consumption: 9.1% (2017 est.) Investment in fixed capital: 32.1% (2017 est.) ) Investment in inventories: 0.3% (2017 est.) ) Exports of goods and services: 20.4% (2017 est.) Imports of goods and services: -19.2% (2017 est.) GDP – composition, sector of origin : Agriculture: 13.7% (2017 est.) Industry: 41% (2017 est.) Services: 45.4% (2017 est.)

Indonesian Agriculture

Latest developments in Indonesian Agriculture: Products: Rubber and like, palm oil, oil, poultry, meat, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal plants, essential oils. , fish and similar goods as well as various types of industry: oil and natural gas, textiles, cars, household appliances, configuration, footwear, mining, cement, medical and household equipment, handicrafts, chemicals, fertilizer, plywood, rubber , processed food Industrial production growth rate in Jewelry, jewelry and tourism sector: 4.1% (2017 est.) Labor force: 125 million (2016 est.) Labor force – el. by occupation: Agriculture: 32% Industry: 21% Services: 47% (2016 estimate) Unemployment rate: 5.4% (2017 estimate) 5.6% (2016 estimate) Population below poverty line: 10.9 % (2016 estimate) Household income or consumption Employment rate: more than 10%: 3.4% more than 10%: 28, 2% (2010) Distribution of families by material – Gini information: 36.8 (2009) 39.4 in (2005)

Indonesian budget

Latest developments in Indonesia’s budget: Revenue: 131.7 billion (2017 estimate) Expenditure: 159.6 billion (2017 estimate) Taxes and other revenues: 13% (2017 estimate) of GDP (2017 estimate) budget surplus (+) or deficit ( -): -2.7% (of GDP) (2017, estimate) public debt: 28.8% of GDP in (2017, estimate) 28.3% of GDP in (2016 estimate) Fiscal year: Calendar year inflation rate (consumer prices): 3 .8% vs. (2017 estimate) 3.5% (2016 estimate) Current balance: -17.33 billion US dollars (2017 estimate) -16.95 billion US dollars -Dollars (2016 estimate) Exports: Lot $168.9 billion (year estimate 2017) Lot $144.4 billion (2016 estimate) Exports – Commodities: minerals, fuels, animal or vegetable pastures (including palm oil), Electrical machinery, rubber, machinery and equipment, equipment, spare parts, exports, partners: China, 13.6%, USA 10.6%, Japan 10.5%, India 8.4%, Singapore 7.6%, Malaysia 5.1%, South Korea 4.8% (2017) Imports: Lot $150 .1 billion (2017 estimate). ) Lot 129.2 billion US dollars (2016 estimate) Imports – raw materials: mineral fuels, boilers, machinery and mechanical parts, electrical machinery, iron and steel, food

Imports from Indonesia and China

Latest developments in imports from Indonesia and its partners: China 23.2%, Singapore 10.9%, Japan 10%, Thailand 6%, Malaysia 5.6%, South Korea 5.3%, US 5.2% (2017) Reserves foreign exchange and gold: Lot 130.2 billion US dollars (31 December 2017, estimate) External debt: Lot 344.4 billion US dollars as of (31 December 2017) Estimate.) Domestic foreign direct investment stock: Lot 251.5 billion US dollars as of (December 31, 2017, estimate. ) Lot 229.1 billion as of (December 31, 2016, estimate) Stock of foreign direct investment – foreign: Amount 20.5 billion US dollars as of (December 31, 2016, estimate) $18.42 billion on (31 December 2016). , est.) Market value of listed shares: Lot $523.8 billion at (31 December 2017, est.) $426 billion (31 December 2016, Est.) Lot $353.3 billion at (31 December 2015, Est. ) Exchange Rate: Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) per US Dollar – 13,385 (2017). (Estimate) 13,308.3 (2016 Estimate) 13,308.3 (2015 Estimate) ) Lot 13,389.4 Lot (2014 Estimate) Lot 11,865.2 Lot (2013 Estimate) Lot ^Back to top page Electrical Energy – Production: Lot 235, 4 Billion kWh (2016 estimate) Electricity consumption: 213.4 billion kWh (2016 estimate)

Indonesian Electricity

Recent developments in Indonesian Electricity – Exports: Lot 0 kWh (Est. 2017) Electricity – Imports: 693 million kWh (Est. 2016) Electricity – Installed Generation Capacity: 61.43 million kW (Est. 2016) Electricity – derived from fuel fossil: 85% of total installed capacity (2016 estimate) Electricity – nuclear fuel: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 estimate) Electricity – hydroelectric power plants: 9% of total installed capacity (2017 estimate). ). ) Crude Oil – Imports: Batch 498,500 bbl/day (2015, Est.) Crude Oil – Proven Reserves: Batch 3.31 billion bbl as of (January 1, 2018, Est.) Refined Petroleum Products – Production: Batch 950,000 bbl/day as from (2015). estimation. )

Indonesian Refined Oil Products

Recent developments in Indonesian Refined Oil Products – Consumption: 1,601 million bbl/day (2016, est.) Refined Oil Products – Export: 79,930 bbl/day (2015, est.) Refined Oil Products – Import: 591,500 bbl/day (2015, est.) .) .) Natural Gas – Production: 72.09 billion cubic feet per m (2017 estimate) Natural gas – imports: 0 cubic meters (2017 estimate) Natural gas – proven reserves: 2.866 billion cubic meters (1 January 2018 estimate). ) Carbon dioxide from energy consumption: 540.7 million tons (2017 estimate) ^Back to start of communication

Cell phone

The Indonesian population uses mobile phones with a total of 458,923,202 subscriptions and subscriptions cover around 100 residents: 176 (2017 estimate). Telephone Systems: Overall Assessment: Domestic services include microwave, single, inter-island HF, radio, police, network and domestic satellite communications systems; international, service, kindness; Indonesia has long line of sight and band penetration, highest mobile penetration and moderation of mobile penetration (2018) occurs nationally: line of sight is 4 per 100 people and mobile 175 for around 100 people; Existing network coverage was expanded through deployment of more than 200,000 telephone kiosks in remote areas; Mobile subscriptions quickly (2018) released internationally: country code el – 62; Landing points apply to SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4.

Indonesian submarine

Latest developments regarding Indonesian submarines, cables and networks providing connections in Asia, Middle East, Europe and Asia; Earth Satellite Stations – 2 Intelsat Media Broadcasts (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean): a combination of about a dozen national television channels – 1 public channel, rest private channels – along with several broadcasters; Over 100 local television locations; Widespread use of satellite and cable television systems; public broadcaster broadcast opera at six levels nationwide as well as at regional and local locations. generally with more than 700 radio stations and more than 650 private operating rooms (2019) Internet in code: .id Internet used: total: 65,525,226 power: 25.4% as of (July 2016 estimate) ^Back to top

Transportation in Indonesia

Recent developments in transportation in Indonesia Airports: 673 (2013) Airports (asphalt runway): total 186 (2017) over 3,047 m: 5 (2017) 2,438 3,047 m: 21 am (2017) 1,524 am 2,437 am m: 51 in (2017 ). ) 914 to 1,523 to m: 72 to 914 to m: 37 to (2017) ) Airports (unpaved runways): total 487 (2013) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2013)

Gas oil pipeline

Latest developments about Indonesia 914 to 1,523 m: 23 (2013) below 914 m: 460 (2013) Helipad: 76 (2013) Pipelines: 1064 km condensate, lot 150 km condensate/gas, lot 11702 lot km gas, lot 119 lot km liquid oil gas, lot 7767 lot km oil, lot 77 lot km oil/gas/water, lot 728 lot km processed products, 53 km unknown, 44 km water (2013) Railway: total 8,159 km (2014) Road narrow: 8,159 km 1,067 m highways (565 km electrified) (2014) Notes: 4,816 km operational Roads: total 496,607 km (2011) paved: 283,102 km (2011) unpaved: 213,505 km (2011)

Indonesian navigation

Recent developments regarding Indonesian navigation: 21,579 km (2011) Commercial shipping: total 9,053 by type: 97 bulk carriers, 205 container ships, 2203 general cargo, 567 oil tankers, etc. 5981 (2018) Ports and terminals: most important ports ): Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg, Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung el Priok Container ports (TEU): Tanjung el Perak (3,553,370), Tanjung el Priok (6,090,000) ( 2017) LNG terminal(s) from ( Export): Bontang, Tangguh, LNG, terminal (import): Arun, Lampung, West Java ^Back to top military military branches: Indonesian Army Forces (Indonesian National, TNI): Forces Land (TNI-Angkatan el Darat el (TNI-AD)), Navy (TNI-Angkatan el Laut el (TNI-AL), including Marines (Marine Corps, KorMar), Navy, Air, Arm), Air, Force , (TNI-Force, Air, (TNI-AU)), National, Air, Defense, Command (Commando la Defensa el Aire el Nacional (Kohanudnas)) (2013) military service age and Commitment: 18-45 years old, namely age of military volunteer, which corresponds to Selective description of authorized person; mandatory military service period is 2 years, mandatory reserve is up to 45 years (PNS); Indonesians sole citizens (2012) military expenditure: 0.84% GDP as of (2017) 0.88% of GDP as of (2016) 0.89% of GDP as of (2015) 0.78% of GDP as of (2014) 0 .92% GDP (2013) ^Back to top

Foreign policy

Latest developments regarding Indonesian foreign policy, transnational, problems, disputes, international: Indonesia has declared foreign policy as aim of creating stability and has established land and sea borders with all its neighboring countries; Three regions on border with Timor-Leste have not yet been demarcated; both are located in Oecussi exclave, and non-maritime boundaries or exclusive economic zones established between countries have not been delimited. two borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed bilaterally since 1997, when maritime boundaries and EEZ were last established. has not been ratified by Indonesian legislative body; Indonesian community groups oppose Australia’s claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia reserves certain parts of Ashmore and Cartier Reserves for traditional fishing by Indonesian communities and has imposed limits on certain catches; Negotiations over land and maritime areas with Malaysia are based on currency, territory and disputes. These include Tanjung Datu-Camar Wulan dispute, territorial boundaries in Kalimantan, and maritime boundaries of Ambalat oil block in Sulawesi Sea; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work towards completing 1973 Maritime Boundary Agreement, which established non-resident areas north of Batam Island, Indonesia; Indonesian citizens, separatist groups, squatters and illegal immigrants pose repatriation problems in Papua New Guinea; in maritime world, further demarcation negotiations with Palau; EEZ entered into negotiations with Vietnam in 2011, and in fall of 2011 two countries agreed to reduce illegal fishing at key maritime borders. Origin: Plot 6,098 Plot (Afghanistan) Plot (2018) Internally Displaced Persons: Plot 16,000 Plot (inter-community, inter-religious and separatist violence between 1998 and 2004 in Aceh and Papua, illegal cannabis producer, mostly for domestic use; methamphetamine producer and ecstasy; President WIDODO’s war on drugs has led to an increase in death sentences and executions, especially of foreign drug traffickers ^Back to top Indonesia « Previous country |